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Batteries

Choosing the Right Batteries for Emergencies

Batteries are a mainstay in emergency preparedness. So much of what we need to use in an emergency, just to get by, relies on battery power whether it be flashlights, lanterns, radios, and other helpful devices. Because many emergency devices require batteries as their source of energy, this is something we want to get right.

Not all batteries are best suited for emergency prep needs. Technology has changed and some are better than others, yet older technologies are still on the market. Take some time to figure out what your battery needs are and what type of batteries are best suited for each individual need.

Battery Options

Disposable Batteries

A disposable battery by very definition cannot be recharged. These batteries are workhorses but once they are used, they must be replaced. These include alkaline, lithium, silver-oxide, and zinc carbon batteries. For emergency preparedness, lithium batteries can often be the best choice for high-drain devices due to their higher energy density and longer shelf-life, though the best option depends on the specific device and application.

Lithium

Lithium batteries are more expensive than the popular alkaline batteries but perform much better. Although alkaline batteries are known for their low self-discharge rate and are well-suited for low-drain devices like clocks and remote controls, they can perform poorly in high-drain applications and are more prone to leakage. Lithium batteries can store and release more energy than regular alkaline batteries, making them more powerful.

Rechargeable Batteries

A rechargeable battery - such as AA or AAA - is designed for repeated use by restoring its charge through an external power source. Unlike disposable batteries, these contain chemical components that allow for repeated energy storage and release. To recharge them, simply place the batteries into a compatible charger connected to a wall outlet, USB port, or other power source. The charger safely channels electricity back into the battery cells, allowing them to be reused hundreds of times.

Charging Kit

Chargers are usually sold separately unless you purchase a bundle known as a starter kit. Many brands offer these kits, which often include a wall-plug or USB charger, a storage case or organizer, and a mix of battery sizes. Stand-alone storage cases are also widely available and typically inexpensive.

Types of Rechargeable Batteries

Standard rechargeable batteries (AA, AAA, and similar sizes) are commonly sold in packs of 2, 4, or 8. There are several types of rechargeable batteries on the market, but two of the most effective options for emergency preparedness are the nickel-metal hydride low self-discharge (NiMH LSD) battery and the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery. Each type has its strengths and is suited for different kinds of devices.

NiMH (LSD)

NiMH (low self-discharge) batteries are an excellent choice for most devices that use AA or AAA batteries. While they typically have a slightly lower overall capacity than standard rechargeables, they hold their charge far longer during storage. When stored properly, they can retain up to 85% of their charge after one year and about 70% after five years. These batteries are often labeled pre-charged or ready to use, as they usually ship with about 70% of their full charge.

Lithium-ion Battery

While NiMH batteries work well for low-drain or moderate-use devices, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are ideal for high-drain equipment that requires steady power, such as laptops or power tools. Li-ion batteries offer higher energy capacity and deliver consistent performance under demanding conditions. However, they should not be stored in high-temperature environments - such as inside a car - where temperatures can exceed 140°F (60°C), as this can increase the risk of thermal runaway or venting.

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Choosing the Right Battery for Each Device

When planning for emergencies, it’s best to use NiMH (LSD) rechargeable batteries as your primary power source for most everyday devices and keep lithium (disposable) or lithium-ion (rechargeable) batteries as backups for equipment that require longer shelf life or higher power output. This strategy ensures you’ll always have rechargeable power on hand, while saving lithium or Li-ion batteries for specialized, high-demand, or temperature-critical devices.

NiMH (LSD) - for primary use

Use NiMH (rechargeable) for gear you access, recharge, and rotate frequently. They perform best in moderate temperatures and have low long-term cost. Here are some examples of usage:

  • Flashlights (especially LED)
  • LED lanterns
  • Headlamps
  • Two-way radios (FRS/GMRS)
  • Battery-powered fans
  • Motion sensor lights or night lights
  • Thermometers or weather stations
  • Small clocks or alarm clocks
  • Battery-operated candles or decorative lights
  • Small toys or entertainment devices

💡 Storage Tip: Store these batteries with your emergency supplies. Keep a solar charger, solar power bank, or hand-crank charger available to recharge NiMH batteries during a prolonged outage.

Lithium/Lithium-ion (Li-ion) - for backup use

Choose lithium (desposable) or lithium-ion (rechargeable) when reliability in extreme conditions, high drain, or long shelf life outweighs recharge cost or frequency. Here are some examples of usage:

  • Portable power banks
  • Emergency radios (NOAA/AM-FM)
  • Car emergency kits or jump starters
  • Carbon monoxide and smoke detectors
  • GPS units
  • Solar power stations or generators
  • Laptops or tablets (for off-grid use)
  • Portable fans or CPAP backup units
  • Security cameras or trail cameras
  • Digital cameras or video cameras

💡 Tip: Avoid storing any battery in a hot car or location exposed to direct sunlight. Keep lithium and lithium-ion batteries at room temperature with your other emergency supplies.

⚠️ Devices Where Rechargeable Batteries Are Not Recommended

  • Smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors that specify non-rechargeable batteries
  • Single-use emergency flashlights or glow lights sealed for long-term storage
  • Backup sump pump alarms or water leak sensors that remain inactive for years
  • Medical alert or emergency call buttons
  • Infrared thermometers or low-drain remote sensors left unattended long-term
  • Battery-powered wall clocks
  • Backup keypads or security alarm sensors
  • Outdoor temperature probes exposed to extreme cold or heat
  • Critical devices stored in vehicles (risk of heat exposure or leakage)
  • Any device where the manufacturer specifically warns against rechargeable batteries

💡 Tip: If you’re unsure whether a device can safely use rechargeable batteries, check the user manual or battery compartment label. Some sensitive electronics require a specific voltage range that rechargeable batteries may not consistently provide.

Storage Tips to Maximize Shelf Life
  • Do not leave a battery inside any device while not in use
  • Avoid extreme heat or freezing
  • Store in a cool, dry place (ideally below 77°F/25°C) - there is no need to place them in the refrigerator
  • Do not store batteries near an open flame, any heat source, or in direct sunlight
  • Keep batteries partially charged (around 40–60%) for long-term storage—especially for Li-ion
Shelf Life when stored properly
Disposable Lithium - can retain up to 80% of charge for 10–15 years.
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) - shelf life is typically 2–3 years, even if unused. This is due to gradual chemical degradation over time, not just usage.
NiMH (LSD) - can retain up to 85% of its charge after 1 year and 70% after 5 years.
Note: Rechargeable batteries are often considered at end-of-life when they can no longer hold 80% of their original capacity - though some devices may tolerate lower thresholds. depending on usage.

Frequently Asked Questions

Learn more about storing batteries for emergencies!